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One clue crossword puzzle answers5/2/2023 This is not to suggest that such associations could not exist-presumably any two words can become associated-but only that they would be unusual. If a participant in a word association experiment consistently gave responses to stimulus words that bore no obvious relationship to them ( vegetable–pencil bread–roof soft–crimson), the experimenter would wonder what was going on. Words that are directly associatively linked usually are related in an apparent way. Exactly how to interpret such findings is a matter of debate (McNamara, 1992a). Studies of semantic priming have found evidence of priming by associates that are one or two steps removed from direct (Balota & Lorch, 1986 McNamara, 1992b McNamara & Altarriba, 1988). It may be difficult or impossible to discern any relationship between two words separated by a few other words in the sequence, except via the mediating connections between the intervening links. In principle, there is no limit to the number of steps there can be in an associative chain, and when people are asked to free associate-to emit words quickly as they come to mind-a word string emitted by a single person typically wanders over a considerable semantic range. Researchers distinguish between direct ( tiger–stripes) and indirect ( lion–– stripes) associations. This consistency is sufficient to have motivated the development of word association norms (e.g., Jenkins & Palermo, 1964 Nelson, McEvoy, & Schreiber, 1998 Toglia & Battig, 1978). Often the most frequent response to a given word is several times as frequent as the next-most-frequent response (Woodrow & Lowell, 1916 Woodworth, 1938) a common response, especially with adults, is a word’s antonym (O’Connor, 1928). Not only is this an easy task to perform, but for many stimulus words there is a remarkably high degree of agreement among the responses that different people make. In one form of the word association task, people are asked to respond with the first word that comes to mind when they hear or read a stimulus word. That words are associatively linked to each other to varying degrees is a very old idea in psychology (Karwoski & Schacter, 1948 Kent & Rosanoff, 1910 Woodworth, 1938). In addition to declarative-knowledge semantic clues that identify their target words precisely, there are those that do not identify the target precisely, although they may narrow the possibilities to very few. More often, my degree of confidence as to whether additional clues or time will bring the target to mind is somewhere between these extremes. Equally compelling is the feeling of not knowing given Capital of Tanzania as the clue, I would be reasonably certain that I did not know the target and would get it, if at all, only as a consequence of filling in intersecting words. Author of “The Ugly Duckling” would evoke that feeling for me. In my own experience, it is often the case that I am not immediately able to call the target to mind, but I have a strong sense that I will be able to do so with the help of additional clues or, perhaps, just with the passage of time which is to say, I am quite sure I “know” the target, even though I cannot produce it on demand. When it does not, the crossword puzzle doer is likely to experience varying degrees of surety with respect to the feeling of knowing. Sometimes such a clue will elicit the target word immediately. It is hard to think of more effective elicitors of “feeling-of-knowing” and “tip-of-the-tongue” experiences than the declarative-knowledge-type clues that one encounters in crossword puzzles.
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